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Herbert Sandberg (April 18, 1908 – March 18, 1991) was a German artist and caricaturist. He was best known for his caricatures in the satirical magazine, ''Ulenspiegel'', which he co-founded and art directed. He is also well known for his drawings of Bertolt Brecht and for his column, ''Der freche Zeichenstift'' in the magazine, ''Das Magazin''. A member of the Communist Party, a Jew, and a German Resistance fighter, Sandberg spent 10 years in a Nazi prison and in Buchenwald concentration camp. He conceived the idea for ''Ulenspiegel'' while a prisoner there and began working on it almost immediately on liberation. == Life and work == Sandberg was born in Posen.〔Ingeborg Ruthe, ("Der Hochverräter" ) ''Berliner Zeitung'' (April 18, 2008). Retrieved January 24, 2012 〕 He studied art in Breslau,〔Karl Heinrich, (Mit der Tuschfeder gestreichelt ) ''Die Welt'' (May 23, 2008). Retrieved January 25, 2012 〕 first at the Kunstgewerbeschule from 1925 to 1926 and then with Otto Mueller at the state Akademie für Kunst und Kunstgewerbe. He began working as a newspaper artist in Berlin〔 in 1928, working at the ''Berliner Tageblatt'' and the ''Wahre Jacob'' among others, until 1933. In 1929, he joined the Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists. Because of his activities with the Communist Party of Germany, which had been banned after the Nazis seized power, and because of his active opposition to the Nazis, Sandberg was arrested and in 1934,〔 charged with "preparing to commit high treason" and sentenced to a term in Brandenburg-Görden Prison. From 1938 until the end of World War II, Sandberg, as a Jew and Communist, was imprisoned in Buchenwald concentration camp. While at Buchenwald, he met Emil Carlebach, who was Sandberg's last Blockältester there.〔Herbert Sandberg, Günter Kunert, (''Ulenspiegel - Zeitschrift für Literatur, Kunst und Satire. Eine Auswahl 1945-1950'' ) Eulenspiegel-Verlag, Berlin, Carl Hanser, Munich (1978), p. 5. Retrieved January 23, 2012. ISBN 3-446-12749-6 〕 Eighteen drawings, made in 1944 with soot and whiting and smuggled out of the camp, were later published in a group of works from 1944–1946, called "A Friendship".〔("Herbert Sandberg: Graphische Bücher und Zyklen" ) herbert-sandberg.de "1944–1946, Eine Freundschaft". Retrieved January 25, 2012 〕 After the war, Sandberg and Günther Weisenborn became the co-publishers of ''Ulenspiegel'', a satirical journal that was published from December 1945 till August 1950,〔Albert Jaritz, ("Der Biss der Satire und die Macht" ) ''Lausitzer Rundschau'' (May 3, 2008). Retrieved January 24, 2012 〕 first under license by the American military government, then from 1948, by the Soviet military administration, until the magazine's license was rescinded. In 1947, Sandberg began designing stage sets with his wife, Eugenie Sandberg (1923–1996), who was trained as scenic and costume designer. Calling themselves the "Sandbergkollektiv", they worked for Berlin theaters until 1961. In the beginning, his sister-in-law, Rosemarie Spies, a ceramicist, worked with them. In 1954, Sandberg became the chief editor at the magazine, ''Bildende Kunst'', staying there until 1957, after which he worked freelance in Berlin. In 1970, he began teaching as a guest docent at the Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig and was named a professor there in 1972. Sandberg was a member of the Akademie der Künste in East Germany. Sandberg created satirical columns which were well read. From 1954–1990, Sandberg had a column called "'Der freche Zeichenstift'' ("The Cheeky Sketching Pencil") in ''Das Magazin'', where he drew caricatures of the nationally and internationally known. Also beginning in 1954, he began a series called "Mit spitzer Feder" in the Sunday edition of the newspaper, ''Neues Deutschland'' and in 1967, he began a series of portraits in the Neue Berliner Illustrierte'', called ''Sandbergs kleine Galerie''. In 1988, speaking about the meaning of art in the concentration camp, Sandberg said, "Without the memory of their work (Hogarth's, Goya's, Kollwitz', Grosz' and Masereel's), I would not have had the strength to withstand the difficult imprisonment."〔(Bild des Monats: "Das haben wir nicht gewusst" ) Buchenwald Memorial. Image of the Month (April 2008) Artwork created in 1964. Retrieved January 26, 2012 〕 Sandberg's second marriage was to actress Lilo Grahn (1943–2007), lasting from 1981 until his death. His friend, artist Ronald Paris, gave the eulogy and the sculpture on his gravestone is by sculptor Ingeborg Hunzinger. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Herbert Sandberg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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